自然环境
01 the flood did a lot of damages to crops.
洪水毁坏了大量农作物。
常用单词
flood [fl?d] n. 洪水
crop [kr?p] n. 农作物，庄稼
学学这样说
1. the floodwater receded. 洪水退了。
2. the flood is going down. 洪水渐退。
3. rice fields were flooded. 稻田被淹没了。
4. the flood burst the dyke. 洪水冲垮了堤坝。
5. debris flow has wiped out much fertile land. 泥石流摧毁了大片肥沃的土地。
补充短语
wipe out 彻底摧毁
fertile land 肥沃的土地
02 the village is cut off by the flood.
村子被洪水隔绝了。
解析 ▲ be cut off by意思是“被……隔绝”，注意与词组be cut off from（与……隔开）的区别。
学学这样说
1. the flood washed out the road. 洪水冲坏了道路。
2. a lot of villages were absorbed into the flood. 很多村庄被洪水吞没了。
3. many houses were carried away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走。
4. the village was overwhelmed when the floods came.
这个村庄在洪水泛滥时被淹没了。
5. the flood made so many people homeless. 这场洪水让许多人无家可归。
补充短语
wash out 冲坏
be absorbed into 被吞没，沉浸于
be carried away 被冲走，被带走
03 heavy rain will wash away the soil and cause serious flood as well.
大雨不但会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
解析 ▲ wash away是一个动词词组，意思是“冲走”。其中的away是副词，后面跟名词或者代词作宾语。
常用单词
soil [s??l] n. 泥土，土地
学学这样说
1. flood occurs every year. 洪水年年发生。
2. the floods are a disaster. 洪水是一种灾害。
3. the river floods in spring. 这条河在春天里容易泛滥。
4. the flood and waterlog disasters happened quite often last year.
去年洪涝灾害发生得很频繁。
04 according to the newspaper, a town was razed by an earthquake and more than ten thousand people died in it.
据报道，地震把一个城镇夷为平地，有一万多人在那次灾难中丧生。
常用单词
raze [re?z] v. 彻底摧毁，将……夷为平地
earthquake ['?:θkwe?k] n. 地震，大变动
学学这样说
1. the daily flight to the city has been temporarily suspended due to the earthquake. 因为地震，每天飞往这个城市的航班被暂停了。
2. most houses in the city were destroyed. 城市里大多数的房子都被毁了。
3. the earthquake yesterday accounted for five deaths. 昨天的地震使5人丧生。
4. tsunami has killed millions upon millions of people. 海啸造成了数百万人的死亡。
5. plague came in the wake of earthquake. 地震之后紧跟着的就是瘟疫。
应用对话
steven: according to the newspaper, a town was razed by an earthquake and more than ten thousand people died in it.
dora: it's horrible.
史蒂文：据报道，地震把一个城镇夷为平地，有一万多人在那次灾难中丧生。
多拉：太恐怖了！
05 the wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake.
墙壁因地震而略微倾斜。
解析 ▲ on account of是一个介词词组，意思是“因为”，后面跟表示原因的名词或者代词。该词组相当于because of（因为）。
常用单词
decline [d?'kla?n] v. 下倾，倾斜
slightly ['sla?tl?] adv. 轻微地
学学这样说
1. the experts predicted that an earthquake was imminent.
专家预言即将发生地震。
2. did you feel the earthquake? 你感觉到地震了吗？
3. the ground vibrated during an earthquake. 地震时地面发生了震动。
4. a big earthquake is a catastrophe for human beings.
大地震对人类来说是灾祸。
06 the town was destroyed by an earthquake one hundred years ago.
这个小镇100年前曾被地震所破坏。
解析 ▲ be destroyed by的意思是“被……破坏”，by后面跟施动者。
学学这样说
1. an earthquake struck the country. 地震袭击该国。
2. earthquakes occur frequently in japan. 日本时常发生地震。
3. a violent earthquake occurred there. 那里发生了强烈的地震。
4. it was just the aftershock in the afternoon.
下午的地震仅是余震。
5. it's said that the earthquake was one of the worst catastrophes of the century. 据说那次地震是世纪性的灾难之一。
07 an extinct volcano has ceased to be able to explode.
死火山已不再喷发。
解析 ▲ cease to do sth意思是“停止做某事”，相当于cease doing sth。
学学这样说
1. the volcano is in eruption. 火山正在喷发。
2. vesuvius erupts once in a while. 维苏威火山偶尔喷发。
3. philippine mayon volcano erupts once more. 菲律宾马容火山再度爆发。
4. the eruption of a volcano is spontaneous. 火山的喷发是自发的。
5. the volcano is active. 那座火山正活跃着。
6. there have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。
7. it's a dead volcano. 那是座死火山。
8. the volcano is inactive. 这座火山已进入休眠状态。
补充短语
once in a while 偶尔
dead volcano 死火山
08 the ground trembled as the volcano erupted.
火山爆发时，大地震动起来。
语法tips
该句中的as作连词，相当于when，引导时间状语从句。
常用单词
volcano [v?l'ke?n??] n. 火山
erupt [?'r?pt] v. 爆发
学学这样说
1. the temperature of volcanic gases is very high. 火山气体的温度很高。
2. the volcano spewed molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩。
3. the volcano belched out smoke and ashes. 火山喷出了烟尘。
4. a serious volcanic eruption had destroyed countless houses.
一次严重的火山喷发摧毁了无数的房屋。
5. i've never seen the stream of lava from a volcano eruption.
我从来没有见过火山喷发出的熔岩流。
09 after the disaster there were many people who wanted food and shelter.
这场灾难过后，很多人都饱受饥饿，无家可归。
常用单词
disaster [d?'zɑ:st?(r)] n. 灾难，灾祸
shelter ['?elt?(r)] n. 居所，避难所
学学这样说
1. we were all shocked by the disaster. 这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。
2. thousands of people died in the disaster. 成千上万的人死于这场灾祸。
3. these difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
4. the natural calamity was quite serious. 这场自然灾害很严重。
补充短语
be caused by... 由……引起
10 we would never bow to natural disasters.
我们决不向自然灾害低头。
解析 ▲ bow to是一个动词词组，本意是“向……鞠躬”，这里指“向……屈服，向……
低头”。
学学这样说
1. human beings are learning to conquer all kinds of natural disasters.
人类正在学会征服各种自然灾害。
2. we should rally round and overcome difficulties caused by the natural disaster. 我们应该团结一致，克服自然灾害造成的困难。
3. a deep ponder was given to the natural calamities.
自然灾害也给我们留下了深深的思考。
4. even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
5. they will triumph only by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities. 他们只有坚持与自然灾害搏斗，才能取得胜利。
补充短语
natural disaster 自然灾害
rally round 团结一致，齐心协力
11 during the drought, we have to take measures to prevent the crops from dying.
在干旱时期，我们必须采取措施防止庄稼枯死。
常用单词
drought [dra?t] n. 干旱（时期），旱灾
学学这样说
1. many social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.
自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。
2. when day dawned, we could see the damage caused by the storm.
天亮时，我们可以看到暴风雨造成的破坏。
3. the disaster caused him to waver in his faith. 这次灾难使他的信仰发生了动摇。
补充短语
crop up 突然出现
12 the pollution is out of hand and becomes very dangerous.
污染失去控制，变得十分危险。
解析 ▲ be out of hand的意思是“失去控制”，有时也用get out of hand来表达。
常用单词
pollution [p?'lu:?n] n. 污染
dangerous ['de?nd??r?s] adj. 危险的
学学这样说
1. serious pollution in modern cities gives some cause for the concern.
现代城市中的严重污染令人担忧。
2. people are becoming increasingly worried about pollution.
人们对污染越来越感到忧虑。
3. pollution is killing our health. 污染正在损害我们的健康。
4. pollution is a global threat. 污染是全球性的威胁。
5. the countryside has been damaged by pollution. 乡村受到污染的破坏。
6. many people are concerned about the environment pollution.
许多人都关心环境污染问题。
13 the tendency towards worsening environmental pollution has been arrested.
环境污染加剧的趋势得到了控制。
解析 ▲ tendency是名词，意思是“倾向，趋势”，常与介词towards/to连用，表示“……的倾向”。
学学这样说
1. pollution should be done away with. 应该消除污染。
2. i think there will be more pollution. 我认为污染会更严重。
3. we must stop spoiling the environment. 我们必须停止污染环境。
4. will there be less pollution? 污染会少些吗？
5. the enforcement of the new law has reduced the environmental pollution.
新法律的实施减少了环境污染。
补充短语
be done away with 被消除
14 a campaign that promotes ecology and fights pollution is going on.
改善生态、治理污染的运动正在进行。
常用单词
ecology [?'k?l?d??] n. 生态学
学学这样说
1. what do you think of environmental pollution? 你对环境污染怎么看？
2. what are the causes of the pollution? 污染的原因是什么？
3. the state shall protect the ecological environment of grasslands.
国家将保护草原的生态环境。
4. urban development is facing an ecological crisis. 城市建设面临着生态环境危机。
5. human beings are fighting against pollution. 人类正在与污染作斗争。
6. one of the biggest problems is pollution. 最大的问题之一是污染。
补充短语
ecological crisis 生态环境危机
human being 人类
15 compared with last year, water pollution is more serious.
与上一年相比，水体污染加重。
解析 ▲ 词组compared with的意思是“与……相比较”，相当于compared to。
学学这样说
1. that would pollute water. 那样会污染水质。
2. the disposal of expired or ineffective pesticides must be strictly controlled to prevent water pollution. 关于处置过期或失效的农药，必须加强管理，防止造成水污染。
3. the problem of water pollution has intensified. 水污染问题变得更严重了。
补充短语
water pollution 水污染
16 water pollution imperils all kinds of marine life.
水质污染危及所有海洋生物。
解析 ▲ all kinds of的意思是“各种各样的”，可以用来修饰可数名词，也可以用来修饰不可数名词。
学学这样说
1. the river has been polluted by oil. 河流被石油污染了。
2. the industrial wastes polluted the lake. 工业废物污染了湖泊。
3. the water was infected with germs. 水被细菌污染了。
4. garbage pollutes rivers and streams. 垃圾使大小河流遭受污染。
5. the fish are dying off because of the pollution. 由于污染，鱼正相继死去。
补充短语
be polluted by... 被……污染
be infected with... 被……污染
die off 逐渐死亡，相继死去
17 the air has been contaminated by exhaust fumes.
废气污染了空气。
解析 ▲ be contaminated by的意思是“被……污染”，by后面跟上表示污染源的名词、名词词组或者代词。
常用单词
air [e?(r)] n. 空气，天空
exhaust [?g'z?:st] n.（排出的）废气
fume [fju:m] n. 烟气，烟雾
学学这样说
1. noxious fumes poison the air. 有害的烟雾污染了空气。
2. the exhaust gas pollutes the air. 那些废气污染了空气。
3. we suffered a lot from air pollution. 我们深受空气污染之害。
4. there is a sensible increase in air pollution. 空气污染已明显加重。
18 i think the biggest environmental problem in my country is air pollution.
我觉得我们国家最大的环境问题是空气污染。
学学这样说
1. air pollution is a big problem. 空气污染是一个大问题。
2. air pollution is increasingly serious in our city. 空气污染在我们城市中日益严重。
3. exhaust contamination of vehicles is the main factor for air pollution in cities. 汽车废气污染是城市空气污染的主要因素。
4. air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere.
空气污染包括所有在空气中发现的污染物。
5. the acute problem of air pollution in the city must be solved.
必须解决该城市空气污染这一严重问题。
补充短语
air pollution 空气污染
应用对话
steven: i think the biggest environmental problem in my country is air pollution.
lucy: yes, i agree. the air here is much more polluted than in my country.
史蒂文：我觉得我们国家最大的环境问题是空气污染。
露茜：我同意。这里的空气污染比我们国家严重多了。
19 the noise of the drilling is intolerable.
钻孔的噪音让人受不了。
常用单词
noise [n??z] n. 噪音，嘈杂声
drill [dr?l] v. 钻（孔），打（眼）
intolerable [?n't?l?r?bl] adj. 难以忍受的
学学这样说
1. harsh noises insulted our ears. 噪音很刺耳。
2. now the noise is very loud. 此时噪音很大。
3. the noise tailed away. 噪音逐渐消失。
4. the noise is offensive to the ears. 噪音很刺耳。
5. i hate the noise that disturbed my sleep. 我讨厌那妨碍我睡觉的噪音。
补充短语
be offensive to... 攻击……，冒犯……
20 the noise interferes with my work.
这噪音妨碍我工作。
解析 ▲ interfere with是一个动词词组，意思是“打扰，妨碍”。其中的with是介词，后面要跟名词、代词、或者名词词组。
学学这样说
1. that noise gets on my nerves. 那噪音让我心烦。
2. the noise really gets to me. 那噪音让我心烦。
3. the noise jangled my nerves. 那噪音刺激我的神经。
4. the noise is shattering our nerves. 噪音使我们的神经受不了。
5. the noise disturbed my sleep. 噪音妨碍了我的睡眠。
6. please don't make noise. i'm working. 不要制造噪音，我正在工作。
7. the noise interrupted our conversation. 噪音打断了我们的谈话。
补充短语
get on one's nerves 让某人心烦
make noise 制造噪音
21 the noise broke the peace of the night.
噪音破坏了夜晚的宁静。
解析 ▲ break the peace of是一个动词词组，意思是“打破了……的平静”，of后面跟名词或者代词。动词break的过去式与过去分词分别是broke和broken。
学学这样说
1. there is much noise in the street. 街上有很多噪音。
2. the noisy traffic is a continual annoyance. 交通噪音时时刻刻令人烦恼。
3. the noise in the street was muffled considerably. 街上的噪音减轻了许多。
4. most cities were affected by light noise pollution. 多数城市受到轻度噪音的污染。
补充短语
noise pollution 噪音污染
22 the noise distracted him from his reading.
噪音使他不能专心读书。
解析 ▲ distract是及物动词，意思是“转移，使分心”，表示使某人不能专心做某事，要用 distract sb from doing sth。
学学这样说
1. the noise of the car awoke him. 汽车的噪音吵醒了他。
2. she lodged a complaint about the noise. 她就噪音问题提出了投诉。
3. the noise wore her nerves to nothing. 噪音使她的精神疲惫不堪。
4. more and more people begin to complain about the noise.
越来越多的人开始抱怨噪音问题。
补充短语
lodge a complaint about... 投诉……